PART 1: What is Operating System
What is Windows, Mac OS x and Linux?
An operating system is considered to be the backbone of any system. Without an operating system, the user and system cannot interact. It acts as a mediator between both of these. Basically, Windows, Mac OS X and Linux all are major Operating System people been using. To begin with, MAC is an OS that focuses on the graphical user interface and was developed by Apple, Inc, for their Macintosh systems. Microsoft developed the Windows operating system. It was developed so as to overcome the limitation of the MS-DOS operating system. Linux is UNIX like a source software and can use an operating system that provides full memory protection and multi-tasking operations. It is an open source by anyone.
Lab Question:
4)Nazri is a technical officer of All Technologies SDN BHD, he suspected someone has been used
his computer and he want to check whether true or not. He using windows 7 Ultimate Edition.
How can you help him? Please give detail step.
a) Search Event Viewer and Open
*I am using Windows 10, but Windows 7 Ultimate Edition can works too.
b) Under Event Viewer, go to Windows Log and open up System
c)Sort up by Date and Time for easy view
d) You can scroll down and look for 'Winlogin' or CTRL+F to search 'Winlogon'.
Your computer safety is your priority! Always change your password to protect you and your computer.
5) Azam using UniMAP computer library. Suddenly, he get this error. What are he trying to do? Any
idea to solve this problem?
Solution : Azam is trying to open Resource Monitor, it displays information about the use of hardware and software resources in real time. Azam can solve this problem by follow the steps below:-
6) “top” is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.”
Zafirah try to get show process on terminal but get an error message. Why this happen? How to
use this command?
This error occured because of it couldn't recognize the tool you were trying to use with the Command Prompt.
We can solve it by several steps:-
a) Search Edit the system environment variables and open up
c) From here you may Add your variable "Top" in the Edit environment variable.
7) Iskandar is a Windows system administrator sent print screen from his computer. What are
information he provided. What type of operating system that he used? What type of command
line he used? 
Solution: The information he provided is he displays the properties and methods of the service objects. The Operating System that he using is Windows' Power Shell. The command line is:-
Solution: The information he provided is he displays the properties and methods of the service objects. The Operating System that he using is Windows' Power Shell. The command line is:-
Get-Service | Get-Member
8) 
Suhaila are Ubuntu user. However he can’t explain information given from gnome-terminal. Please brief detail about the information given.
The first line of the command Mem: display information on how physical memory is being used. We can see that the system has roughly used up to 2GB of RAM and that was nearly 50% of it is used. Next line labeled as -/+ bufferrs/cache. This line shows how much of the physical memory is used by the buffer cache. In other words, this shows how much memory is being used for disk caching. Lastly is the Swap line. We can see that swap space appears to be unused. This system has 2GB of swap, less than the physical memory.
9) Follow the instruction and explain the result
i) On the keyboard: Ctrl + Alt + t
ii) Type: less /proc/cpuinfo (answer with screenshots).
What is FPU and PAE
FPU is a floating-point unit, it is a part of a computer system specially designed to carry out operations on floating-point numbers. Typical operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and square root. Some FPUs can also perform various transcendental functions such as exponential or trigonometric calculations, but the accuracy can be very low, so that some systems prefer to compute these functions in software.
PAE is Physical Address Extension, a feature implemented in modern x86 architecture. It defines a page table hierarchy of three levels, with table entries of 64 bits each instead of 32, allowing these CPUs to directly access a physical address space lager than 4 gigabytes. The page table structure used by x86-64 CPUs when operating in long mode further extends the page table hierarchy to four levels, extending the physical address space. It also uses the topmost bit of the 64-bit page table entry as no-execute or "NX" bit, indicating that code cannot be executed from the associated page. The NX feature is also available in protected mode when these CPUs are running a 32-bit operating system, provided that the operating system enables PAE.
10) Lisa open terminal and type “lscpu”. That actually she what to do?
lscpu gathers CPU architecture information from sysfs, and any applicable architecture-specific libraries. The command output can be optimized for parsing or for easy readability by humans. The information includes, for example, the number of CPUs, threads, cores, sockets, and Non-Uniform Memory Access nodes. There is also information about the CPU caches and cache sharing, family, model, bogoMIPS, byte order, and stepping.
11) “dmesg | grep -i usb”. Please brief detail about the information given.(answer with screenshots).
12) Which is the core of the operating system?
a) Shell
b) Kernel
c) Commands
d) Scrip
Answer: b, Kernel.
REFERENCES
LET'S MAKE A LITTLE BIT PROGRESS EVERY DAY AND YOU SEE
THE POWER OF SMALL CHANGES
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